Self-driving cars emerged not that long ago as a true innovation in personal transportation, promising to reshape the future of mobility. At the core of this transformation lies, obviously, artificial intelligence (AI). In this post, we want to show you how AI in self-driving cars is making it all possible. We will tackle both key components, technological advancements, and challenges, as well as the potential impact of this technology.
But before we get to all that, let’s concentrate on the basics. How does this technology actually work?
AI in self-driving cars: How does it work?
The advent of self-driving cars can be attributed almost exclusively to AI, particularly its two subsections:
- Machine learning
- Computer vision.
Self-driving vehicles need both these technologies as they rely on a complex set of sensors, cameras, radars, and lidars that work together so that the car can “see” its surroundings and know where it’s going. The enormous amount of data generated by these sensors is then processed and analyzed by AI algorithms, enabling the vehicle to make informed decisions in real time. This refers, e.g., to driving alongside obstacles such as parked cars or curbs. That’s what computer vision is especially useful for.
And what about ML? Machine learning algorithms also play a huge role in the development and operation of self-driving cars. These algorithms learn from available data and use it to continuously improve their ability to recognize important signals, navigate complex urban environments, and actively respond to dynamic situations (e.g., stopping at the red light or letting pedestrians go on the crosswalk). As the vehicle encounters new scenarios, the machine learning model adapts and refines its decision-making processes. In other words, the more the AI-powered car is driving, the better it gets.
PERCEPTION OF THE SURROUNDINGS
One of the biggest challenges faced by self-driving cars is the need to perceive the environment accurately and make quick decisions. AI-driven perception systems enable vehicles to “see” and interpret the world around them and respond to what’s going on in real time. This refers to diverse objects (e.g., traffic cones), pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles.
That’s why self-driving cars must be equipped and utilize a combination of cameras, radars, lidars, and other sensors to gather comprehensive information about their surroundings. Next, AI algorithms integrate and interpret all the data from these diverse sources, enabling the car to make informed and safe decisions on the road.
DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
What’s also important is that AI in self-driving cars not only allows them to perceive their environment but also plays a vital role in decision-making processes. After all, the car must react appropriately to various scenarios on the road, correct? Those advanced AI algorithms enable them to determine the optimal course of action that needs to be taken under specific circumstances. These processes need to take such circumstances into account as:
- Diverse traffic conditions (e.g., traffic jams or accidents)
- Road signs
- Pedestrian movements
- Other unexpected obstacles
This is where machine learning is becoming a crucial part of every self-driving vehicle. ML algorithms can analyze historical data and learn from experienced driving scenarios, allowing the vehicle to predict and respond to potential challenges based on its previous knowledge.
REAL-TIME ADAPTABILITY
The dynamic nature of the road requires self-driving cars to adapt to ever-changing conditions in real-time. As we’ve already mentioned, machine learning algorithms enable vehicles to continuously learn and update their models based on new information and experiences. And AI makes real-time adaptation to different circumstances possible. Real-time adaptability is especially important in non-standard situations, such as:
- Construction zones
- Car accidents
- Unexpected road closures
Thanks to ML and AI, the car can recognize that something unusual has happened and reevaluate its route, adjust its speed (e.g., slow down when passing an ambulance), and make accurate decisions to navigate through challenging situations safely.
Of course, AI in self-driving cars is not perfect. This technology is still being developed, and there are some challenges that need to be addressed (including the potential social impact). Let’s dig deeper into this question.
AI in self-driving cars: Overcoming challenges
One significant challenge is achieving a high level of reliability and safety. Ensuring that AI algorithms can handle all possible scenarios, including rare and unexpected ones, is an ongoing challenge that may be solved in the near future as self-driving cars get more data.
Another challenge lies in current legal regulations. As this technology continues to develop, countries must establish clear standards and laws that will guide the deployment and functioning of self-driving cars on public roads.
POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SOCIETY
There’s no doubt that AI in self-driving cars has the potential to revolutionize the way we use transportation. As these vehicles are becoming more and more developed, they could soon contribute to reduced traffic congestion, improved fuel efficiency, and enhanced safety on the roads.
And without a doubt, self-driving vehicles are true game-changers for people with disabilities or those unable to drive. We can safely say that AI-powered autonomous vehicles could significantly improve the quality of life for many people.
Wrapping up
There is no doubt that as AI continues to evolve, the capabilities of autonomous vehicles will only become more advanced. While some challenges remain, the potential benefits, including improved safety, efficiency, and accessibility, surely outweigh them. And the truth is, we’ve already achieved so much when it comes to AI-powered cars! Read this article on Addepto’s blog to discover three real-life examples of AI in self-driving cars: ai in self driving cars.